Forest Tenure Data
Latin America
Tenure Data: Latin America
RRI’s Tenure Tracking Data assesses global advances and setbacks regarding Indigenous Peoples’, Afro-descendant Peoples’, local communities’, and the women within these communities’ legally recognized rights to forests, land, and natural resources.

Explore data from Latin America.
Explore the available datasets:
Forest Tenure Data
Forest Tenure Data
Land Area Data
Land Area Data
Water Tenure Data
Water Tenure Data
Explore forest tenure data for:
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Angola
Argentina
Australia
Belize
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Canada
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Chile
China
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Democratic Republic of the Congo
Ecuador
Ethiopia
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Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guatemala
Guyana
Honduras
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Lao PDR
Liberia
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Mali
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Nepal
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Nigeria
Panama
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Peru
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Senegal
South Sudan
Sudan
Suriname
Sweden
Tanzania
Thailand
Timor-Leste
Togo
United States
Venezuela
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Zambia
* Use the key below to see which data is available for each country in the dropdown.
Bundle of Forest Rights & Women’s Rights
Forest Area Data

RRI’s Forest Tenure data tracks forest area via 4 tenure categories, which are based on the rightsholder and strength of their rights under national law. This employs a bundle of rights approach that links RRI’s qualitative and quantitative data. The database also tracks the statutory distribution of Forest Tenure from 2002 to 2017.

Use the key below to see which data is available for each of the 17 examined countries in Latin America.

Key Findings About Women’s Rights to Community Forests in Latin America

Compared to other regions, as of 2024, CBTRs in Latin America exhibit the smallest proportion of adequate protection for the rights of Indigenous, Afro-descendant, and local community women. However, Latin America is the only region to see no legislative rollbacks in the recognition of community women’s forest rights from 2016 to 2024.

It also hosts the largest proportion of community-owned CBTRs, has the greatest recognition of the overarching intestate inheritance rights of daughters, wives, and women in consensual unions, and features the largest proportion of recognized Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) rights for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and local communities. Yet Latin America provides the smallest proportion of adequate and women-specific protections for women’s leadership rights.

Change in Distribution of Forest Tenure in 16 Countries in Latin America, 2002-2017
Distribution of Forest Tenure by Country in Latin America, in Mha

Explore country-level data on the distribution of Forest Tenure over time in Mha. Click on the country name to learn more about the legal frameworks recognizing community-based tenure, including the rights of Indigenous, Afro-descendant, and community women.

Country

Government Administered

2002 2017

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002 2017

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002 2017

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002 2017
Country: Argentina
Government Administered
2002: 5.70
2017: n.d.
Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: n.d.
2017: 0.87
Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: -
2017: -
Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms
2002: 22.20
2017: n.d.
Country: Belize
Government Administered
2002: n.d.
2017: n.d.
Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: n.d.
2017: -
Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: -
2017: n.d.
Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms
2002: n.d.
2017: n.d.
Country: Bolivia
Government Administered
2002: 41.43
2017: 28.03
Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: 1.58
2017: 0.47
Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: 16.61
2017: 24.71
Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms
2002: 0.48
2017: 1.55
Country: Brazil
Government Administered
2002: 341.02
2017: 238.39
Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: 10.68
2017: 40.41
Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: 75.27
2017: 118.05
Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms
2002: 94.29
2017: 99.89
Country: Chile
Government Administered
2002: n.d.
2017: 5.49
Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: n.d.
2017: n.d.
Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: n.d.
2017: 0.86
Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms
2002: n.d.
2017: 11.32
Country: Colombia
Government Administered
2002: 38.00
2017: 26.38
Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: -
2017: -
Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: 24.50
2017: 32.93
Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms
2002: -
2017: -
Country: Costa Rica
Government Administered
2002: 1.11
2017: 1.10
Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: -
2017: -
Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: 0.34
2017: 0.28
Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms
2002: 1.32
2017: 1.06
Country: Ecuador
Government Administered
2002: n.d.
2017: n.d.
Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: -
2017: 0.02
Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: -
2017: 1.27
Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms
2002: n.d.
2017: n.d.
Country: Guatemala
Government Administered
2002: 1.85
2017: n.d.
Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: 0.53
2017: 0.40
Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: 0.29
2017: 1.20
Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms
2002: 1.53
2017: n.d.
Country: Guyana
Government Administered
2002: 16.62
2017: 13.17
Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: -
2017: 3.35
Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: -
2017: -
Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms
2002: 0.00
2017: 0.00
Country: Honduras
Government Administered
2002: 4.07
2017: 1.18
Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: -
2017: 0.60
Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: 0.00
2017: 1.79
Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms
2002: 1.36
2017: 1.80
Country: Mexico
Government Administered
2002: 2.75
2017: 3.65
Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: -
2017: -
Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: 44.00
2017: 45.47
Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms
2002: 8.30
2017: 16.92
Country: Panama
Government Administered
2002: 3.92
2017: 3.63
Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: n.d.
2017: n.d.
Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: 0.90
2017: 0.90
Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms
2002: 0.04
2017: 0.08
Country: Peru
Government Administered
2002: 58.77
2017: 54.38
Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: 1.57
2017: 4.98
Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: 10.52
2017: 12.78
Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms
2002: 5.29
2017: 0.12
Country: Suriname
Government Administered
2002: 15.30
2017: 15.11
Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: -
2017: -
Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: -
2017: -
Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms
2002: 0.09
2017: 0.09
Country: Venezuela
Government Administered
2002: 49.15
2017: n.d.
Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: 0.00
2017: n.d.
Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: -
2017: -
Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms
2002: -
2017: -
Country: Subtotal, Complete Case LMICs in Latin America (9 countries)
Government Administered
2002: 519.07
2017: 381.40
Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: 13.84
2017: 49.81
Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: 171.24
2017: 236.01
Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms
2002: 111.13
2017: 121.43
Country: Total, Latin America (16 countries)
Government Administered
2002: 579.69
2017: 390.53
Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: 14.38
2017: 51.10
Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: 172.44
2017: 240.25
Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms
2002: 134.91
2017: 132.83

Highlighting in gray indicates Complete Case Countries.
Dashes (-) denote situations in which the tenure category in question is not legally possible under national law.
n.d. = No Data
Source: RRI. 2018. At a Crossroads: Trends in Recognition of Community-Based Forest Tenure from 2002-2017.

RRI’s Gender Database builds on the Bundle of Rights to assess the extent to which legal frameworks recognize Indigenous, Afro-descendant, and local community women’s specific rights to community forests, and whether those states are meeting their obligations under national and international laws. These frameworks, called community-based tenure regimes (CBTRs), are defined as distinguishable sets of national, state-issued laws and regulations governing “all situations under which the right to own or manage terrestrial natural resources is held at the community level.”

Learn more about RRI’s Gender Methodology.

  • 2016
  • 2024
Overarching (11 Countries)
CBTR-Specific (33 CBTRs)
Full Credit Partial Credit No Credit Case by Case Not Applicable
Overarching (11 Countries)
CBTR-Specific (33 CBTRs)
Full Credit Partial Credit No Credit Case by Case Not Addressed

Source: RRI. 2024. Depth of Rights Database.