Forest Tenure Data
Africa
Tenure Data: Africa
RRI’s Tenure Tracking Data assesses global advances and setbacks regarding Indigenous Peoples’, Afro-descendant Peoples’, local communities’, and the women within these communities’ legally recognized rights to forests, land, and natural resources.

Explore data from Africa.
Explore the available datasets:
Forest Tenure Data
Forest Tenure Data
Land Area Data
Land Area Data
Water Tenure Data
Water Tenure Data
Explore forest tenure data for:
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Angola
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Sudan
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Timor-Leste
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United States
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* Use the key below to see which data is available for each country in the dropdown.
Bundle of Forest Rights & Women’s Rights
Forest Area Data

RRI’s Forest Tenure data tracks forest area via 4 tenure categories, which are based on the rightsholder and strength of their rights under national law. This employs a bundle of rights approach that links RRI’s qualitative and quantitative data.

Use the key below to see which data is available for each of the 21 examined countries in Africa.

Key Findings About Women’s Rights to Community Forests in Africa
Across the regions analyzed in 2024, African countries established the greatest number of new CBTRs and passed the most legal reforms since 2016, yet the African countries analyzed exhibit the lowest degree of progress for the forest tenure rights of Indigenous and local community women at the regional level.

Despite considerable opportunities to strengthen or improve the community-based tenure rights of community women across the region, African countries analyzed reflect the smallest proportional gains for community women, including rollbacks of previously recognized rights. Of the three reviewed regions, African states demonstrate an especially marked proclivity toward gender-blind laws and reforms.

Moreover, across African CBTRs established post-2016, many of the most consequential individual forest rights for community women’s tenure are either ignored or without any gender-responsive protection. Africa is also the only region that experienced proportional declines in the extent of protections for Indigenous and local community women’s forest tenure rights between 2016 and 2024.

Change in Distribution of Forest Tenure in 19 Countries in Africa, 2002-2017

RRI’s Forest Tenure Database tracks the statutory distribution of Forest Tenure going back to 2002. Under RRI’s typology, all forest area in the countries studied are classified as either: (1) Government Administered; (2) Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and local communities; (3) Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and local communities; or (4) Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms. To read more about the methodology underpinning this classification, click here.

Source: RRI. 2018. At a Crossroads: Trends in Recognition of Community-Based Forest Tenure from 2002-2017.

Distribution of Forest Tenure by Country in Africa, in Mha

Explore country-level data on the distribution of Forest Tenure over time in Mha. Click on the country name to learn more about the legal frameworks recognizing community-based tenure, including the rights of Indigenous, Afro-descendant, and community women.

Country

Government Administered

2002 2017

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002 2017

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002 2017

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002 2017
Country: Angola
Government Administered
2002: 59.73
2017: 57.86
Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: -
2017: -
Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: -
2017: 0.001
Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms
2002: -
2017: -
Country: Cameroon
Government Administered
2002: 22.12
2017: 18.98
Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: 0.00
2017: 3.02
Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: -
2017: -
Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms
2002: 0.00
2017: 0.00
Government Administered
2002: 22.40
2017: 22.17
Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: -
2017: 0.00
Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: -
2017: -
Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms
2002: 0.00
2017: 0.002
Government Administered
2002: 157.25
2017: 152.41
Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: -
2017: 0.17
Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: -
2017: -
Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms
2002: -
2017: -
Country: Ethiopia
Government Administered
2002: 13.70
2017: 12.29
Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: 0.01
2017: 0.21
Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: -
2017: -
Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms
2002: -
2017: -
Country: Gabon
Government Administered
2002: 22.00
2017: 22.93
Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: 0.00
2017: 0.07
Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: -
2017: -
Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms
2002: -
2017: -
Country: Gambia
Government Administered
2002: 0.44
2017: 0.44
Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: 0.02
2017: 0.05
Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: -
2017: -
Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms
2002: 0.001
2017: 0.001
Country: Kenya
Government Administered
2002: 3.48
2017: n.d.
Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: -
2017: 0.38
Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: -
2017: -
Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms
2002: 0.08
2017: 0.09
Country: Liberia
Government Administered
2002: n.d.
2017: n.d.
Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: -
2017: n.d.
Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: -
2017: 0.58
Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms
2002: n.d.
2017: n.d.
Country: Mali
Government Administered
2002: n.d.
2017: n.d.
Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: 0.00
2017: 0.00
Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: n.d.
2017: n.d.
Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms
2002: 0.004
2017: 0.004
Country: Mozambique
Government Administered
2002: n.d.
2017: n.d.
Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: 0.00
2017: 0.07
Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: n.d.
2017: n.d.
Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms
2002: -
2017: -
Country: Nigeria
Government Administered
2002: 12.97
2017: -
Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: 0.16
2017: n.d.
Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: -
2017: -
Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms
2002: -
2017: -
Government Administered
2002: 22.56
2017: 22.33
Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: 0.00
2017: 0.00
Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: -
2017: -
Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms
2002: 0.00
2017: 0.00
Country: Senegal
Government Administered
2002: 8.89
2017: 8.26
Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: 0.004
2017: -
Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: -
2017: -
Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms
2002: 0.002
2017: 0.01
Country: South Sudan
Government Administered
2002: -
2017: n.d.
Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: -
2017: n.d.
Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: -
2017: n.d.
Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms
2002: -
2017: 0.00
Country: Sudan
Government Administered
2002: n.d.
2017: n.d.
Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: 0.04
2017: 0.20
Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: n.d.
2017: n.d.
Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms
2002: n.d.
2017: n.d.
Country: Tanzania
Government Administered
2002: 35.13
2017: 17.29
Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: 0.07
2017: 5.39
Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: 16.60
2017: 21.91
Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms
2002: 0.12
2017: 3.51
Country: Togo
Government Administered
2002: 0.13
2017: 0.06
Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: -
2017: -
Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: -
2017: n.d.
Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms
2002: 0.35
2017: n.d.
Country: Zambia
Government Administered
2002: 51.13
2017: 48.54
Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: -
2017: 0.08
Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: -
2017: 0.02
Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms
2002: -
2017: 0.00
Country: Subtotal, Complete Case LMICs in Africa (11 countries)
Government Administered
2002: 415.34
2017: 383.49
Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: 0.10
2017: 8.99
Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: 16.60
2017: 21.92
Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms
2002: 0.12
2017: 3.52
Country: Total, Africa (19 countries)
Government Administered
2002: 431.93
2017: 383.55
Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: 0.31
2017: 9.64
Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities
2002: 16.60
2017: 22.50
Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms
2002: 0.56
2017: 3.61

Highlighting in gray indicates Complete Case Countries.
Dashes (-) denote situations in which the tenure category in question is not legally possible under national law.
n.d. = No Data
Source: RRI. 2018. At a Crossroads: Trends in Recognition of Community-Based Forest Tenure from 2002-2017.

RRI’s Gender Database builds on the Bundle of Rights to assess the extent to which legal frameworks recognize Indigenous, Afro-descendant, and local community women’s specific rights to community forests, and whether those states are meeting their obligations under national and international laws. These frameworks, called community-based tenure regimes (CBTRs), are defined as distinguishable sets of national, state-issued laws and regulations governing “all situations under which the right to own or manage terrestrial natural resources is held at the community level.”

Learn more about RRI’s Gender Methodology.

  • 2016
  • 2024
Overarching (13 Countries)
CBTR-Specific (37 CBTRs)
Full Credit Partial Credit No Credit Case by Case Not Applicable
Overarching (13 Countries)
CBTR-Specific (44 CBTRs)
Full Credit Partial Credit No Credit Case by Case Not Addressed

Source: RRI. 2024. Depth of Rights Database.