RRI Tenure Tool - Rights + Resources - Supporting Forest Tenure, Policy, and Market Reforms

RRI Tenure Tool

Who owns the world’s forests, how has the legal recognition of communities’ Forest Tenure rights shifted over time, and what is the strength of communities’ and community women’s legally recognized forest rights? Drawing on over 15 years of data, RRI’s quantitative Forest Tenure Database and qualitative Depth of Rights and Gender databases provide global evidence responding to these critical questions.

RRI’s Forest Tenure data tracks forest area under four tenure categories based on the rightsholder and strength of their rights under national law, employing a bundle of rights approach that links RRI’s qualitative and quantitative data. Evidence from 58 countries covering nearly 92 percent of the world’s forests shows communities’ legal rights to own and manage forests have increased since 2002, with most of these gains occurring within 33 low- and middle-income countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Yet, significant challenges in implementation remain and communities continue to contest lands controlled by governments and other actors. Learn more below, and read about the methodology here.

REGIONAL

Explore trends in community and women's forest land rights in Africa, Asia and Latin America.

Africa Asia Latin America

COUNTRIES

Explore the legal frameworks that recognize community tenure under the national laws of countries.

Select Country

Angola

Argentina

Australia

Belize

Bhutan

Bolivia

Brazil

Cambodia

Cameroon

Canada

Central African Republic

Chile

China

Colombia

Costa Rica

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Ecuador

Ethiopia

Finland

Gabon

Gambia

Guatemala

Guyana

Honduras

India

Indonesia

Japan

Kenya

Korea, Republic of

Lao PDR

Liberia

Malaysia

Mali

Mexico

Mongolia

Mozambique

Myanmar

Nepal

Nigeria

Panama

Papua New Guinea

Peru

Philippines

Republic of Congo

Russia

Senegal

South Sudan

Sudan

Suriname

Sweden

Tanzania

Thailand

Timor-Leste

Togo

United States

Venezuela

Viet Nam

Zambia

View Info

Global Status of Statutory Forest Tenure across 58 Countries in 2017

For more than a decade, RRI has been connecting and organizing local and global actors around a common agenda guided by Indigenous and community partners.

Source: RRI. 2018. At a Crossroads: Trends in Recognition of Community-Based Forest Tenure from 2002-2017.

Change in the Distribution of Forest Tenure in 33 Low- and Middle-Income Countries across Africa, Asia, and Latin America, 2002-2017

Source: RRI. 2018. At a Crossroads: Trends in Recognition of Community-Based Forest Tenure from 2002-2017.

Distribution of Forest Tenure: Country Level Data

Explore country-level data on the distribution of Forest Tenure over time. Click on the country name to learn more about the legal frameworks recognizing community-based tenure, including the specific rights of Indigenous, Afro-descendant, and community women.

COUNTRY

Government
Administered

20022017

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

20022017

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

20022017

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

20022017

COUNTRY: Angola

Government
Administered

2002: 59.73

2017: 57.86

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: -

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: 0.001

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: -

2017: -

COUNTRY: Argentina

Government
Administered

2002: 5.70

2017: n.d.

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: n.d.

2017: 0.87

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: -

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: 22.2

2017: n.d.

COUNTRY: Australia

Government
Administered

2002: 93.96

2017: 83.30

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: 0.00

2017: 9.1

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: 20.87

2017: 12.11

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: 14.01

2017: 20.24

COUNTRY: Belize

Government
Administered

2002: n.d.

2017: n.d.

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: n.d.

2017: -

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: n.d.

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: n.d.

2017: n.d.

COUNTRY: Bhutan

Government
Administered

2002: 2.60

2017: 2.65

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: 0.001

2017: 0.08

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: -

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: 0.004

2017: 0.001

COUNTRY: Bolivia

Government
Administered

2002: 41.43

2017: 28.03

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: 1.58

2017: 0.47

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: 16.61

2017: 24.71

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: 0.48

2017: 1.55

COUNTRY: Brazil

Government
Administered

2002: 341.02

2017: 238.39

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: 10.68

2017: 40.41

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: 75.27

2017: 118.05

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: 94.29

2017: 99.89

COUNTRY: Cambodia

Government
Administered

2002: 11.16

2017: 7.73

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: 0.00

2017: 0.46

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: 0.00

2017: 0.00

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: -

2017: -

COUNTRY: Cameroon

Government
Administered

2002: 22.12

2017: 19.98

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: 0.00

2017: 3.02

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: -

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: 0.00

2017: 0.00

COUNTRY: Canada

Government
Administered

2002: 319.32

2017: 318.34

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: 0.20

2017: 0.30

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: 6.60

2017: 6.81

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: 21.68

2017: 21.62

COUNTRY: Central African Republic

Government
Administered

2002: 22.40

2017: 22.17

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: 0.00

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: -

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: 0.00

2017: 0.002

COUNTRY: Chile

Government
Administered

2002: n.d.

2017: 5.49

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: n.d.

2017: n.d.

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: n.d.

2017: 0.86

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: n.d.

2017: 11.32

COUNTRY: China

Government
Administered

2002: 76.06

2017: 75.2

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: -

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: 103.06

2017: 124.30

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: -

2017: -

COUNTRY: Colombia

Government
Administered

2002: 38.00

2017: 26.38

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: -

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: 24.50

2017: 32.93

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: -

2017: -

COUNTRY: Costa Rica

Government
Administered

2002: 1.11

2017: 1.10

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: -

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: 0.34

2017: 0.28

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: 1.32

2017: 1.06

COUNTRY: Democratic Republic of the Congo

Government
Administered

2002: 157.25

2017: 152.41

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: 0.17

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: -

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: -

2017: -

COUNTRY: Ecuador

Government
Administered

2002: n.d.

2017: n.d.

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: 0.02

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: 1.27

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: n.d.

2017: n.d.

COUNTRY: Ethiopia

Government
Administered

2002: 13.70

2017: 12.29

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: 0.01

2017: 0.21

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: -

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: -

2017: -

COUNTRY: Finland

Government
Administered

2002: 10.09

2017: 10.41

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: -

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: 0.12

2017: 0.12

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: 16.10

2017: 15.67

COUNTRY: Gabon

Government
Administered

2002: 22.00

2017: 22.93

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: 0.00

2017: 0.07

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: -

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: -

2017: -

COUNTRY: Gambia

Government
Administered

2002: 0.44

2017: 0.44

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: 0.02

2017: 0.05

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: -

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: 0.001

2017: 0.001

COUNTRY: Guatemala

Government
Administered

2002: 1.85

2017: n.d.

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: 0.53

2017: 0.40

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: 0.29

2017: 1.2

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: 1.53

2017: n.d.

COUNTRY: Guyana

Government
Administered

2002: 16.62

2017: 13.17

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: 3.35

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: -

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: 0.00

2017: 0.00

COUNTRY: Honduras

Government
Administered

2002: 4.07

2017: 1.18

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: 0.60

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: 0.00

2017: 1.79

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: 1.36

2017: 1.80

COUNTRY: India

Government
Administered

2002: 56.02

2017: 59.28

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: -

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: 1.11

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: 9.37

2017: 9.77

COUNTRY: Indonesia

Government
Administered

2002: 97.69

2017: 85.36

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: 0.22

2017: 0.79

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: 0.01

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: 1.49

2017: 4.86

COUNTRY: Japan

Government
Administered

2002: 10.43

2017: 11.06

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: -

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: 1.05

2017: 0.28

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: 13.39

2017: 13.09

COUNTRY: Kenya

Government
Administered

2002: 3.48

2017: n.d.

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: 0.38

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: n.d.

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: 0.08

2017: 0.09

COUNTRY: Korea, Republic of

Government
Administered

2002: 1.89

2017: 2.08

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: 0.03

2017: 0.005

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: -

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: 4.50

2017: 4.25

COUNTRY: Lao PDR

Government
Administered

2002: 16.53

2017: 18.74

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: 0.02

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: -

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: 0.00

2017: 0.00

COUNTRY: Liberia

Government
Administered

2002: n.d.

2017: n.d.

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: n.d.

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: 0.58

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: n.d.

2017: n.d.

COUNTRY: Malaysia

Government
Administered

2002: -

2017: -

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: -

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: -

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: -

2017: -

COUNTRY: Mali

Government
Administered

2002: n.d.

2017: n.d.

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: 0.00

2017: 0.00

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: n.d.

2017: n.d.

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: 0.004

2017: 0.004

COUNTRY: Mexico

Government
Administered

2002: 2.75

2017: 3.65

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: -

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: 44.00

2017: 45.47

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: 8.30

2017: 16.92

COUNTRY: Mongolia

Government
Administered

2002: 12.89

2017: 8.94

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: 3.35

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: -

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: -

2017: -

COUNTRY: Mozambique

Government
Administered

2002: n.d.

2017: n.d.

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: n.d.

2017: 0.07

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: n.d.

2017: n.d.

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: -

2017: -

COUNTRY: Myanmar

Government
Administered

2002: 34.23

2017: 28.88

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: 0.02

2017: 0.16

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: -

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: -

2017: -

COUNTRY: Nepal

Government
Administered

2002: 4.63

2017: 4.54

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: 1.02

2017: 2.07

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: -

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: 0.002

2017: 0.002

COUNTRY: Nigeria

Government
Administered

2002: 12.97

2017: -

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: 0.16

2017: n.d.

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: -

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: -

2017: -

COUNTRY: Panama

Government
Administered

2002: 3.92

2017: 3.63

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: n.d.

2017: n.d.

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: 0.90

2017: 0.90

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: 0.04

2017: 0.08

COUNTRY: Papua New Guinea

Government
Administered

2002: 0.90

2017: 0.84

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: -

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: 29.2

2017: 27.01

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: 0.03

2017: 0.03

COUNTRY: Peru

Government
Administered

2002: 58.77

2017: 54.38

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: 1.57

2017: 4.98

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: 10.52

2017: 12.78

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: 5.29

2017: 0.12

COUNTRY: Philippines

Government
Administered

2002: 13.84

2017: 9.46

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: 1.97

2017: 1.64

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: 0.04

2017: 4.71

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: -

2017: -

COUNTRY: Republic of Congo

Government
Administered

2002: 22.56

2017: 22.33

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: 0.00

2017: 0.00

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: -

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: 0.00

2017: 0.00

COUNTRY: Russia

Government
Administered

2002: 809.27

2017: 814.93

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: 0.00

2017: 0.00

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: 0.00

2017: 0.00

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: -

2017: -

COUNTRY: Senegal

Government
Administered

2002: 8.89

2017: 8.26

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: 0.004

2017: -

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: -

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: 0.002

2017: 0.01

COUNTRY: South Sudan

Government
Administered

2002: -

2017: n.d.

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: n.d.

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: n.d.

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: -

2017: 0.00

COUNTRY: Sudan

Government
Administered

2002: n.d.

2017: n.d.

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: 0.04

2017: 0.20

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: n.d.

2017: n.d.

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: n.d.

2017: n.d.

COUNTRY: Suriname

Government
Administered

2002: 15.30

2017: 15.11

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: -

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: -

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: 0.09

2017: 0.09

COUNTRY: Sweden

Government
Administered

2002: 6.86

2017: 7.25

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: 0.19

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: 0.54

2017: 0.70

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: 20.77

2017: 19.94

COUNTRY: Tanzania

Government
Administered

2002: 35.13

2017: 17.29

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: 0.07

2017: 5.39

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: 16.6

2017: 21.91

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: 0.12

2017: 3.51

COUNTRY: Thailand

Government
Administered

2002: 17.01

2017: 15.87

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: 0.48

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: -

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: 0.00

2017: 0.00

COUNTRY: Timor-Leste

Government
Administered

2002: n.d.

2017: n.d.

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: n.d.

2017: n.d.

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: n.d.

2017: n.d.

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: n.d.

2017: n.d.

COUNTRY: Togo

Government
Administered

2002: 0.13

2017: 0.06

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: -

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: n.d.

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: 0.35

2017: n.d.

COUNTRY: United States

Government
Administered

2002: 129.16

2017: 129.97

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: -

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: 7.33

2017: 7.52

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: 166.59

2017: 172.59

COUNTRY: Venezuela

Government
Administered

2002: 49.15

2017: n.d.

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: 0.00

2017: n.d.

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: -

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: -

2017: -

COUNTRY: Viet Nam

Government
Administered

2002: 11.78

2017: 13.25

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: 1.13

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: -

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: -

2017: -

COUNTRY: Zambia

Government
Administered

2002: 51.13

2017: 48.54

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: 0.08

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: -

2017: 0.02

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: -

2017: -

COUNTRY: TOTAL

Government
Administered

2002: 2747.95

2017: 2482.15

Designated for Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: 18.15

2017: 80.50

Owned by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and Local Communities

2002: 357.84

2017: 447.43

Privately Owned by Individuals and Firms

2002: 403.39

2017: 418.50

Highlighting in gray indicates Complete Case Countries.
Dashes (-) denote situations in which the tenure category in question is not legally possible under national law.
n.d. = No Data
Source: RRI. 2018. At a Crossroads: Trends in Recognition of Community-Based Forest Tenure from 2002-2017.

Number of community-based tenure regimes established over time

RRI tracks the extent and strength of community-based tenure regimes—distinct legal frameworks based on national laws and regulations that govern situations where land and resource rights are recognized at the community level.

Note: Two additional community-based tenure regimes legally recognizing community forest ownership in Mexico in 1917 are not shown.

Source: RRI. 2019. Tenure Tracking Data.

Bundle of Rights

For 30 countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, RRI maintains detailed qualitative data on the strength of Forest Tenure rights legally held by Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and local communities. Learn more about RRI’s Bundle of Rights Methodology here.

Source: RRI. 2017. Depth of Rights Database.

Women’s Rights to Community Forests

RRI’s Gender Database builds on the Bundle of Rights to assess the extent to which the same 30 countries’ legal frameworks recognize Indigenous, Afro-descendant, and community women’s specific rights to community forests, and whether those states are meeting their obligations under national and international laws. Learn more about RRI’s Gender Methodology here.