Without strong land rights” vulnerable forest communities face greater poverty” violent conflict” and few benefits from carbon sales
LONDON (14 July 2008) — Escalating global demand for fuel” food and wood fibre will destroy the worlds forests” if efforts to address climate change and poverty fail to empower the billion-plus forest-dependent poor” according to two reports released today by the U.S.-based Rights and Resources Initiative (RRI)” an international coalition comprising the worlds foremost organisations on forest governance and conservation.
The studies were delivered today at an event in the House of Commons hosted by Martin Horwood” MP for Cheltenham. Sponsored by RRI and the UK-based Forest Peoples Programme” speakers included Gareth Thomas” Asia.According to the findings released today in RRIs comprehensive study” Seeing People through the Trees: Scaling Up Efforts to Advance Rights and Address Poverty” Conflict and Climate Change” the world will need a minimum of 515 million more hectares by 2030″ in order to grow food” bioenergy” and wood products. This is almost twice the amount of land that will be available” equal to a land mass 12 times the size of
At the same time” a second RRI study” From Exclusion to Ownership? Challenges and Opportunities in Advancing Forest Tenure Reform” finds that developing country governments still claim an overwhelming majority of forests and have made limited progress in recognizing local land rights” leaving open the potential for great violence” as some of the world’s poorest peoples struggle to hold on to their only asset—millions of hectares of the world’s most valuable and vulnerable forestlands.
The studies also report a sharp increase in government allocations of forests to industrial plantations” and suggest that the booming growth in demand for food and fuel is rapidly eating up vast forestlands in the Amazon and
“Arguably” we are on the verge of a last great global land grab”” said
According to Marcus Colchester” Director of the Forest Peoples Programme and one of the authors of the research released today” the success of efforts to address threats to local forest communities and to the global environment will depend on the actions of governments and other influential entities to recognize and strengthen property and other human rights of indigenous peoples and other local communities that live in and around vulnerable forests.
Initial tenure reform experiences” documented in both studies” suggest that implementing democratic processes” which also establish basic conditions for development” can in turn protect the forests and provide significant economic benefits. According to the
In the second study” RRI researchers report there has been progress in tenure reform since they last reviewed the topic” six years ago. In 2002 for example about 22% of developing country forests were either owned by communities” or were public forest designated for use by communities. That figure had increased to 27% by early 2008″ a small but significant shift.Stewart Maginnis” Head of IUCN’s Forest Programme. “recognising that some of the fundamental obstacles to rural poverty reduction are associated with unclear or unfair forest ownership arrangements and are beginning to explore and implement creative solutions to address these.”
The authors of the RRI study warn” however” that in most regions of the developing world” “governments retain a firm grip on the majority of forests”” adding that “industrial claims on forest lands are increasing sharply” for biofuels production” among other reasons.”
Crops that produce biofuels alone will require at least an additional 30 to 35 million hectares (Mha) of new productive land within the next decade or so” the equivalent of 35″000 soccer fields” according to the authors: “High prices are intensifying land speculation” deforestation” and encroachment on an unprecedented scale”” they note in their report.
The following are official government projections in just three key producer countries of projected growth in the area to be used for production of industrial crops” including those destined for food and fuel:
In
Speakers at the
Kyeretwie Opoku” an attorney and coordinator of Civic Response in
deficit of democracy plagued by violent conflict and human rights abuses”” Opoku said. “We must address underlying inequities by consulting and allowing forest peoples to make decisions for themselves regarding the actions of industry and conservation–as empowered citizens with a voice in their own future.”
The authors of climate change and the global food crisis:
- In
- In Papua New Guinea” although forest people are constitutionally endowed with property rights over the forests they live in” politicians and the police have tended to side with the interests of the forest product entrepreneurs.
- In
- In five Central African countries in the
The RRI studies call for a number of recommendations that donor nations” agencies and advocacy organisations can implement to strengthen rights and to ensure that indigenous and local forest communities participate in and benefit from the carbon markets and compensation programmes for conserving forests. The following are among those that should be considered in designing such initiatives” according to RRI’s Andy White:
- Condition all funding for conservation on recognition of customary and equitable land rights
- Develop new capacity to engage in conflict countries to advance tenure and governance reforms
- Make it a priority to support the initiatives of community organisations and other community networks” helping them to build capacity and to fund what they identify as vital
- Help international and civil-society advocates advance transparency initiatives and support the development of freedom of information acts.
- Support information exchanges among key stakeholders to build knowledge and momentum for reforms
- Develop a role for communities in designing” monitoring and auditing the implementation of carbon funds and other conservation measures
“It is clear from the research that the dual crises of fuel and food are attracting significant new investments and great land speculation”” White said. “Only by protecting the rights of the people who live in and around the world’s most vulnerable forests can we prevent the devastation these forces will wreak on the poor and the poorly governed hinterlands. In the process” our studies have shown that we will protect the forests themselves by recognizing the rights of the people with the most to lose if they are destroyed.”
Click here to see the report: Seeing People Through the Trees: Scaling Up Efforts to Advance Rights and Address Poverty” Conflict and Climate Change
Click here to see the report: From Exclusion to Ownership?: Challenges and Opportunities in Advancing Forest Tenure Reform