Without strong land rights” vulnerable forest communities face greater poverty” violent conflict” and few benefits from carbon sales

LONDON (14 July 2008) — Escalating global demand for fuel” food and wood fibre will destroy the worlds forests” if efforts to address climate change and poverty fail to empower the billion-plus forest-dependent poor” according to two reports released today by the U.S.-based Rights and Resources Initiative (RRI)” an international coalition comprising the worlds foremost organisations on forest governance and conservation.

The studies were delivered today at an event in the House of Commons hosted by Martin Horwood” MP for Cheltenham. Sponsored by RRI and the UK-based Forest Peoples Programme” speakers included Gareth Thomas” Asia.According to the findings released today in RRIs comprehensive study” Seeing People through the Trees: Scaling Up Efforts to Advance Rights and Address Poverty” Conflict and Climate Change” the world will need a minimum of 515 million more hectares by 2030″ in order to grow food” bioenergy” and wood products. This is almost twice the amount of land that will be available” equal to a land mass 12 times the size of Germany.  

At the same time” a second RRI study” From Exclusion to Ownership? Challenges and Opportunities in Advancing Forest Tenure Reform” finds that developing country governments still claim an overwhelming majority of forests and have made limited progress in recognizing local land rights” leaving open the potential for great violence” as some of the world’s poorest peoples struggle to hold on to their only asset—millions of hectares of the world’s most valuable and vulnerable forestlands.

The studies also report a sharp increase in government allocations of forests to industrial plantations” and suggest that the booming growth in demand for food and fuel is rapidly eating up vast forestlands in the Amazon and Southeast Asia.

“Arguably” we are on the verge of a last great global land grab”” said Andy White” Coordinator of RRI and co-author of Seeing People through the Trees 

According to Marcus Colchester” Director of the Forest Peoples Programme and one of the authors of the research released today” the success of efforts to address threats to local forest communities and to the global environment will depend on the actions of governments and other influential entities to recognize and strengthen property and other human rights of indigenous peoples and other local communities that live in and around vulnerable forests.

Initial tenure reform experiences” documented in both studies” suggest that implementing democratic processes” which also establish basic conditions for development” can in turn protect the forests and provide significant economic benefits. According to the UK’s Gareth Thomas” the findings will be of great interest to all countries seeking to contain climate change and deal with the food crisis.

UK has been working with others to help strengthen the rights of indigenous people to stop them being forced off the land”” Thomas said. “For example” we are currently helping the in the Democratic Republic of Congo and will soon be rolling out this work to three other countries in Central Africa. These new studies should strengthen global resolve to protect the property rights of indigenous and local communities who play a vital role in protecting one the most outstanding natural wonders of the world.”

In the second study” RRI researchers report there has been progress in tenure reform since they last reviewed the topic” six years ago. In 2002 for example about 22% of developing country forests were either owned by communities” or were public forest designated for use by communities. That figure had increased to 27% by early 2008″ a small but significant shift.Stewart Maginnis” Head of IUCN’s Forest Programme. “recognising that some of the fundamental obstacles to rural poverty reduction are associated with unclear or unfair forest ownership arrangements and are beginning to explore and implement creative solutions to address these.”

The authors of the RRI study warn” however” that in most regions of the developing world” “governments retain a firm grip on the majority of forests”” adding that “industrial claims on forest lands are increasing sharply” for biofuels production” among other reasons.”

Crops that produce biofuels alone will require at least an additional 30 to 35 million hectares (Mha) of new productive land within the next decade or so” the equivalent of 35″000 soccer fields” according to the authors: “High prices are intensifying land speculation” deforestation” and encroachment on an unprecedented scale”” they note in their report.

The following are official government projections in just three key producer countries of projected growth in the area to be used for production of industrial crops” including those destined for food and fuel:

In Brazil” 28 Mha are currently under cultivation for soy and sugarcane. By 2020″ soy and sugarcane plantations are expected to cover 88 to 128 Mha of Brazilian land.In Indonesia” 6.5 Mha of land are dedicated to oil palm plantations. By 2025″ oil palm plantations are projected to require 16.5 to 26 Mha of land.In China” biofuel cultivation alone is expected to require an additional 13.3 Mha of land by 2020. 

Speakers at the London event noted that many of the billion people who live in and around vulnerable forests will be unable to protect their forests because they lack secure and enforced customary land rights to help resist the soaring demand for land.  Investments in forest areas will only benefit the better off individuals and industries will neither address the causes of deforestation nor encourage sustainable development.Joji Cariño” of the Indigenous Peoples' International Centre for Policy Research and Education in the Philippines” called for fundamental changes to recognise and enforce the rights of the people who live in and around the forests. “Unless we initiate such changes”“ Cariño added” “the next generation will be denied food” medicine and cultural identity” fuelling greater and more violent conflicts” and the destruction of their forest homelands.”

Kyeretwie Opoku” an attorney and coordinator of Civic Response in Ghana” lamented that international efforts to address climate change and poverty are only beginning to address “abuse” poor governance and misuse of natural resources in the management of forests” particularly in the forests of West Africa.

deficit of democracy plagued by violent conflict and human rights abuses”” Opoku said. “We must address underlying inequities by consulting and allowing forest peoples to make decisions for themselves regarding the actions of industry and conservation–as empowered citizens with a voice in their own future.”

The authors of climate change and the global food crisis: